background and aim: aging is accompanied with changes in cognitive capacities. in spite of advances in neural imaging technologies, there is not a straightforward method to observe cognitive functions. for assessing brain functions, researchers mainly use psychometric tests. the aim of this study was using consonant-vowel (cv) dichotic test as a non-invasive behavioral test for auditory attenti...

Introduction: Emotional stimulus is processed automatically in a bottom-up way or can be processed voluntarily in a top-down way. Imaging studies have indicated that bottom-up and top-down processing are mediated through different neural systems. However, temporal differentiation of top-down versus bottom-up processing of facial emotional expressions has remained to be clarified. The present st...

Although there have been several previous investigations on the role of auditory training for the development of auditory processing skills, it still remains unknown whether children with auditory processing difficulties can get improved auditory skills after exposure to a multi-modal training experience comprising both visual and tactile stimuli. The present study, therefore, attempted to use ...

Although there have been several previous investigations on the role of auditory training for the development of auditory processing skills, it still remains unknown whether children with auditory processing difficulties can get improved auditory skills after exposure to a multi-modal training experience comprising both visual and tactile stimuli. The present study, therefore, attempted to use ...

A composition procedure for linear and nondeleting extended top-down tree transducers is presented. It is demonstrated that the new procedure is more widely applicable than the existing methods. In general, the result of the composition is an extended top-down tree transducer that is no longer linear or nondeleting, but in a number of cases these properties can easily be recovered by a post-pro...

In this paper, we will present a device specially designed on the basis of the theory of empty categories. This device cooperates with a bottom-up parser and is used as an elegant and efficient approachtotreatthetroublesome problems of the transformations of passivization,relativizatlon; toplcalization, ba-transformation and the use of zero pronouns in Chinese natural language. With the aid of ...